Imperfect vaccine and hysteresis

Imperfect vaccine-induced immunity and whooping cough transmission to infants.

Whooping cough, caused by B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, has increased in incidence throughout much of the developed world since the 1980s despite high vaccine coverage, causing an increased risk of infection in infants who have substantial disease-induced mortality. Duration of immunity and epidemically significant routes of transmission across age groups remain unclear and deserve further...

Population level impact of an imperfect prophylactic HSV-2 vaccine

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, and Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America Division of infectious diseases, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Departments of Epidemiology, Virology Research Clinic, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University o...

Imperfect Vaccine Aggravates the Long-Standing Dilemma of Voluntary Vaccination

Achieving widespread population immunity by voluntary vaccination poses a major challenge for public health administration and practice. The situation is complicated even more by imperfect vaccines. How the vaccine efficacy affects individuals' vaccination behavior has yet to be fully answered. To address this issue, we combine a simple yet effective game theoretic model of vaccination behavior...

Imperfect and defective outputs in production process

Effects of imperfect test sensitivity and specificity on observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness.

BACKGROUND The recently developed test-negative design is now standard for observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). It is unclear how influenza test misclassification biases test-negative VE estimates relative to VE estimates from traditional cohort or case-control studies. METHODS We simulated populations whose members may develop acute respiratory illness (ARI) due to ...